Method of and apparatus for teaching dancing



A 5 19 2 H. R. VAN DEVENTER 2,605,557

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TEACHING DANCING 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed April 18, 1944 INVENTOR.

Harry flan evenfr 1952 H. R. VAN DEVENTER METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TEACHING DANCING 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed @531 '18, 1944 INVENTOR.

WMZW

Aug. 5, 1952 H. R. VAN DEVENTER 2,605,557

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TEACHING DANCING 4 Sheets-Sheet (5 Filed April 18, 1944 IN VEN TOR. Harry R Van 17a vanfer Aug. 5, 1952 H. R. VAN DEVENTER METHOD 01? AND APPARATUS FOR TEACHING DANCING 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed April 18, 1944 INVENTOR. Harry R/WdhQWflfB? Patented Aug. 5, 1952 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TEACHING DANCING Harry R. Van Deventer, New York, N. Y.

Application April 18, 1944, SerialNo. 531,572"

This invention relates to a, method of and apparatus for teaching dancing, and has for its object an improved method of teaching dancing whereby proficiency can be mor easily acquired than by other methods.

Another object is to provide a method that will visually indicate the exact sequence of steps to be taken by the dancer, said indications being preferably given in timed relation to dance music.

Another object is to provide a method that will visually indicate the position of each foot relative to the students body, or position of advance, as well as the sequence of steps to be taken.

Another object is to provide a method of teaching dancing that is largely automatic, thereby relieving the teacheriof considerable effort, the teacher being free to observe the pupils in action without the necessity of calling the steps or leading the pupil. I

Pupils can more readily dance in pairs when this method is employed, correcting their mistakes by merely following the repetitious dance pattern as indicated by the apparatus. In many cases a teacher can be dispensed with, the pupil getting all necessary instructions from the apparatus. The apparatus disclosed herein may be used to practice this improved method, but it will be understood that any suitable apparatus may be used, the showing here being merely illustrative, the invention being defined in the annexed claims.

Stated broadly, th inventive concept is'to provide visual signals for the feet of the dancer that will indicate the position of thefeet at each step, or the steps to be taken, or both. Preferably, these signalsmay be successively displayed in timed relation to music or some rhythmical sound. In other words, the dance is usually performed with music and eachstep taken usually bears some timed relation thereto. 1 I

The position of the feet mayvary step by step. A' series of steps Withthe feet placed in a sequence of positions is commonly called a dance pattern. Such dance patterns are standardized for certain dancesfor example, the waltz,

rhumba, tango, et cetera, and thes patterns are often printed in books andgon large sheets of paper that can be laid on the dance floor so that the student can see the exact 'stepsto be taken and the position of the feet at each step. Such a dance pattern or chart is shown inthe patent to Rothkugel, No. 1,277,645, dated September 3, 1918.-

Such'books and charts do not show the steps 5 Claims. (Cl. -29) in animation, and cannot give the student any visual idea of the length of pause or dwell of each step, except by the time notation on the musical score. To understand this requires a knowledge of music which many dance students do not possess. g

It is also very difiicult, with any still chart or illustration, to'depict one step at a time-something easily accomplished with the instant method where the steps may be sequentially and progressively indicated to the student one step at a time,or inany other desired manner either with or-Without the music. i

The method herein disclosed eliminates the difficulties mentioned above and permits the student to learn dancing as it would be taught by amaster, without ateacher. I I Y Also disclosed herein, is a new method of writing a music score showing dance steps therewith which, while particularly suited for use with the signal method disclosed herein, is also useful alone as an aid to dancing pupils.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure I is aplan view'of the face of an indicant or" signal used when practicing the inethod; l l 1 f Figure '2 is a'plan viewof an alternate form of signal; I

Figure 3 is a plan view of an alternate form of signal; I. 1 1

- Figure 4 is aseotional view of a signal Figure 1, 2or3;-

1 Figure 5 is a plan view of adance floor with signals as shownin the preceding figure; I

Figure 6 is an underneath View of one ofthe signal blocks used in the fioor, Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a diagram-illustrating the use of projectors to place signals on the dance floor;

-Figure 8 is a'- diagram showing suitable apparatus for practicing the method; l Figure 9 is a diagram. showing an alternate form of apparatus for practicing the method;

Figure 10 is a'. diagram showing still another form of apparatus;

. Figure 11 -is'adiagram showing a form of sequence switch that can be \ised in the circuit,

-- Figure 10; i s Figure 12-is'a diagram showing the apparatus necessary toconvert a coin-controlled phonograph with record changer, so it can be used to practice the method herein disclosed;

Figure 13' is atdiagram of the apparatus Figure12 m 1.

Figure 14 is a diagram showing the control for the signals operated by aplayerpiano roll;

The indicants or signals may be of any suitable.

type and may comprise some mechanical device having a shutter, or the like, which when moved:

will change form or color to give a visual signal. Many such signals are available and usually comprise a semaphore or shutter moved by an electromagnet. Lamps, however, are preferable and l these may be arranged as hereinafter described.

Where the signals are projected on to a screen or dance floor, any formof projecting mechanism may be employed, andsuitable forms are herein described. 7 a I Where the signals are merely for the purpose of indicating the steps'to be taken, the signals may have the form shown in Figurel where the numeral l0, indicates a circular background.

Such a signal, which is merely a spot of light,

may have suitable -ind-ic :ia thereon, as indicated at H, to indicate the serialnumbers of the steps. Where. the signals are to indicate the position of the dancers feet, then they preferably have the outline of a foot as shown in -Fig may be of arrow or pointer; formatiom as', shown in Figure 3-, the pointed end 2 indicating the toe of the dancers foot. y V m Of course, both typespf signalsm-aybe used in the same dance pattern, or; a single signal may indicate both the steptobe taken and the foot position. 1 v

The foot positionis further indicated by pointing the toe-end of the signal in the direction the toe of the dancer should; be pointedat the particular step indicated. ;Obvi usly various indicia can be used to indicate swinging and turning movements. Once the principle herein disclosed is understood, it is at once apparent that the indicants can be used to give thedance-r almost any kind of signal desired. g i

For example, signals like Figure 2, if displayed progressively as hereafter described, willgsuccessively indicate the steps to be taken and, at the same time, will indicate the position f, the dancers feet at each step, the foot-outline I3 being properly placed to indicate the direction of the dancers toe at that step. V

The method may be used by projecting the signals upon a screen, or by arrangingthemin a dance pattern against a wall or other support where they can be seen. It is preferable, however, to project them on to, or mount them in the dance floor so that the student actually steps upon them when learning thedance.

Figure 4 shows a simple form'of mounting for the signals when they :are mounted in the dance floor. Any suitable mounting can be used. Such a signal has a glass top H which forms the signal, Figures 1, 2 or 3. This top is held in a suitable mounting frame which is a press-fit in a round opening in the floor l6.,'so that the glass 14 is flush with the upper surface of the floor. A suitable lamp I1 is supported Within the casing from which extend the wires [8 supplying the current to the lamp. If desired, a suitable connecting plug or socket may formtpairt of the-unit assembly shown in Figure 4.

The glass l4 may be of any suitable size, say 4 to 6" in diameter, or it may be moulded in the shape of a footprint, such as [3, Figure 2, and may be full size of the average foot.

Referring to Figure 5, if desired, the dance floor can be composed of a plurality of blocks or sections I9, 29, 2i et cetera, each one of which may have one or more signals; and these blocks are arranged to form thedance pattern, 22, 23, 24 denoting signals for the right foot and 25, 26, 2'1 denoting signals for the left foot. The numerals Within the signals may denote the order in which the steps are taken. 7

The blocks may be cross-grooved on the lower surface as shown at 28, Figure 6, to provide grooves to, accommodate the wires carrying current to the signals mounted in an opening, or openings 23. The block may be tongued and grooved or secured together to form a floor in any suitable manner, -and can, be taken up and the blockscarrying signals" rearranged any manner'so'that any dance patterfnjc'anb'e quickly laid down. 1 f.

Such a pattern may show some or all 'Ojfthe steps in a given dance. For thefpurposesofj'illustration only, sixj'po'siti'ons are sh'ownbut it will be understood'that any number may be shown arranged in anydesired manner. Various con-ibinations of signals, Figures 1, 2' or 3-, may 'beused and various colorssuchas green for right foot steps, red for left, may be used to further distinguish; or emphasize 'c'ertainsigna'l's, steps or positions. I I,

Figure. 7' showsan .arrarggementjwhere the signals may bejapplied' to any floor "without changing the latter in any way: gHere,;the numeral denotes ordinary da-nce floor and 3| a wire orother support on thec'eilingjof'the om. Suspended from 31 are the small projectors .32, 33 adapted to project onto the floor images forming the signals having suitable outlines, Figures '1, 2, or 3,, or any other .desired outline; I

' The projectors 32, 33' may be individual, for each signal, ojr each projector may project a number ofsigniejls progressively by any means associated, with theprojector, such as the usual revolving :filmfor slide commonly used in such o ctor x Iii-desired, the projector-32; may be an ordinary motion "picture :projector'having a film to project the '-coinplete dance pattern'which-is-anirnated to showa step at a time. This may be synchronized with a phonograph so the-dance-pattern will imw foot te as; e -a s in ime lation to musicporthepieture filrn may have an accompanyingsoundtrack which is-t-i'rned to the ahead'ofth. dancer, sbfthstthefeme ht biea'm 3a rr'om the hrojec'torf'placesthe next step, to be I 3! may form a suspension from which the-projector hangs on pulley-n ared is towed aleng the suspensionbycable 32 I When ;separate signals =are u;se d;-i-n Figure '7 each signal will form a spot of light on the floor, and the emergent beams from the projecterssuch as beams 34, 35 are projected at such an angle will-"now be described:

' out musical accompaniment.

L and illuminates signal L step in the pattern shown in Figure 8 is that the i that they do not encounter the figures of the studentsat 36,'whose movements over the dancepattern as, theyprogressythrough the 'dance, do not "interfere with these beams until the dancers feet are practicallyon the signal s'pots forrned thereby.

Apparatus for operating the separate-signals fv Figure 8 is a diagram "showing how-thesignals are wired for-manual control, either with or with- Here a source of current;36, suchastheusual house lighting current, is connected to two banks L31, R33 of push-buttons or-switches, one bank I for the left and the other forlthe right foot signals. This arrangement may be operated by: left foot signals by the left=hand of the operatonrightifoot 7 signals by the right hand of the operator.

"Each bank of push buttons mayhave as many individual buttons independently operableas desired for a given dance pattern, but the bank may also be so constructed that when a button is pressed, the circuit controlled thereby is live until another button is pressed, whereupon the first mentioned button is restored to open circuit position. As such banks of interlocking buttons are in common use, they are not described in detail.

To; operate the device, Figure 8, the operator merely presses the buttons in banks L3'l'and R38 as desired to sequentially operate the signals controlled thereby. For example, using the dance pattern shown in the figure, the operator would press the L button in the left bank L31 and the I button in right bank R38, thus illuminating the signals in L and R position. As the left foot is the first to advance one step, the operator next presses button I in L31. This extinguishes the L signal and illuminates signal L The next dance step is that the right foot'advances from position R to R so the operator now pushes button 2 in bank R38. This extinguishes signal R and illuminates signal R The nextstep is that the left foot advances from position L to L so the operator now pushes button 3 in bank L31. This extinguishes signal The next and last right foot advances from position 1'1. to position R so the operator now pushes button 4 in bank R38. This extinguishes signal R and illuminates signal R As the right and left banks of buttons are independent, any button in either bank can be operated at will and one or'more signals in each bank can be simultaneously illuminated, or only one signal of the entire dance pattern need be displayed. The operator can, in effect, operate' the device so as to cause the signals to dance over the floor from start to finish at any desired speed and in any sequence, thereby showing the student where to place each foot and at what rateto advance, the amount of hesitation or pause of each step, and the heel-and-toe position of the feet at each step, shown in action.

The method can, therefore, visually indicate timing and rhythm in.a manner impossible with still diagrams.

The operator of the apparatus, Figure 8, can, if desired, operate the pushbutton controls in timed relation'to any appropriate music, thereby indicating successive foot steps to be taken in 'its adjustment on shaft 43,1

-- j be used. Such records may have:

timed relation to the sound produced, and also indicate the position of the dancers feet.

In Figure 9 is'shown apparatus that is automatic, no operator being necessary. Here, the

' signals"R ,-RF, R -L, L L are arranged same The commutator 39 a erations of'the signals, eachsegment ll thereof controlling the duration "or its' associated signal .as the corresponding signals in Figure 8 previously described; and are connected to the commutator or distributormeans 39." Each signal is connected to a brush 40. The segments of the commutator,

one of which is shown at 4!, are so shaped as to make'and break'contact with the brushes as the commutator revolves, thereby doing automatically what the operator did in connection with the -mechanism; Figure '8. Such commutator devices for sequentially controlling electrical devices are well known and therefore arenot here described in detail,

The commutator 391s driven by a motor 42 via gearsand'shaft lh or in any other suitable manner; If it; is desired to operate the device,

'Figure'ill," in timed relation with appropriate music, the speed of the device can be varied by adjusting the resistance 4 4 in the motor circuit, or intanyjother' suitable manner Afchangespeed eev'reew can be inserted between the driving motorj lrand the driven shaft 43 of the commutator and this canbe adjusted until the signals indicate successive foot stepsjtobe taken in'timed relation to themusic; 7 I

controlsthe. successive opmuta'tor 39 are driven in timed "relation, then resistance 44 will. control the music tempo and the device? will adj ust, the signal display rentive to said;tempo.' f a The apparatus shownin Figure 9 using alcommutator 39 operated 'in-tiined relation to any musical instrumentsuch as a' phonograph 46 requiresa mechanical connection. between the two,

and requires accurate timing. of the music {produced by the record 41 and the operation of commutator 39.}. I a Q If the signals. lan be'operateddirectly by means [imposedonthe record 41,,inore' accurate timing ispossible, and'the record 41 then contains everything necessary to properly1controlfthe' signals and the time of dwell'or the'jlength of' time each signal is illuminated; This alsoi avoids'the individual adjustment. of the segments .4 l

Figure 10 shows such apparatus. Phonograph records of boththe film strip and disc types can (a) A normal recording of sound and an'foperatin'gcomponen pr "peep' ;e mbmeu therewith on the same'record so that the record consists in part of recorded vibrations comprising the resultant of the sound and the operating component. These are afterward separated'and used as hereinafter describedi 'dr',"

(b) 'A normal recording of soundand an operating component or peep recorded at intervals in the same groovebut spacedlapart from the sound recordin so asnot to'form partthereof. These areafterward used separately; as hereinafter described; or r 1 (c)- Two separate record driven in synchron sm can be used, the-r normal sound being recorded on one record and the operating component or fpeepfon theother; These separate recordings are used separately as hereafter de- (d) Asingiercora; 'htwo grooves or sound tracks thereon, oneifor the music, the other for the froperating component or peep, used same astclh I .7

In Figure 10, 4'8' denotes a phonographihaving a record 49 of the type '(a) or (I?) referred to above. This has the usual pickup 58 in engagement with the record andconnected .to asuitable amplifier '5! to which .is connected the loud speaker '52., n

The amplifier is connecte'd'to aifil'ter53 adapted to split the operating c'ompo'nen" into as many separate channels as there are signals .in the dance pattern.""Each channel, such as, is connected toafsuitable relay 55,'the armature 56 iof 1which controls'itne circuit to one of the si 's l 'l- .As the record fillfrevol-ves, the musical recording is picked up, amplified and reproduced in the usuaimanner'. The, musical recordings cannot pass the filter 53, so 'they do notaffect the relays 55 and their associated signals. ,I-Iowever, the operating components or ffpeeps pass "into the filter 53, are split up therein and each component operates a relafy 55 which in turn closes the circuit through its associated signal, such As the timing'and duration o'fthe operating components or"fpeeps are determined when the record '49 is made and these are properly synchronized with the m 'lSicJthe operation of the apparatus is entirely, independent of mechanical devicessuch a's'theicomznutator '39 ofiFigure 9 and no adjustments are necessary. By merely changingthe recor'd'and rearrangingthe signals to suit the dance'pattern 'de'siredjany dance to music can be demonstrated, Furthermore, the operator cannot alter in any way the sequence or timing of the signals .relative to the music, so the original timing and sequence O the record which can "be'made by an e'xper't-.'are always preserved. p

When two -separate records are used asireferred to under (6) above, the record 49 contains the music recording only'and a secondrecord '58 carries the operating components and -is connected to the filter53via pickup 59 as shown, the connectionb'etweenj' filter 53 and the amplifier'being broken 'atX and if necessary an amplifier being added to theifilter 53.

,Asthe two records 49, 158 are 'in-synchronism, the apparatus operates in the same manner as the apparatus first described in connection with this Figure 10,

If one record with separate sound tracks, as

described under (d) above, is used, the pickup D is in the music groove and the pickup 59in the operating component or signal control groove.

Theoperation is 'the sam'e as described 'for (c) above.

With a dance pattern with sixpositions, sixdifferent operating componentsare necessary when using the arrangements just described in connection with Figure 10.. To simplify the filter K 53 and use .only'one frequency, the arrangement shown in Figure 11 may be used. 1

In Figure llt'he filter 60 is used .asrpreviously described in connection withthe preceding descriptions of Figure 10, except that it, is arranged to handle a single frequency flowing in the operating circuit including a sequence or stepping switch Gl of any suitable typ which progressively closes the signal circuits including the signals, one of which is shown at 51. Theoperation is the same as previously described in connection with Figure 10 except the switch must be set at the beginning of each record unless a suitable automatic repeating phonograph mechanism is used. Or the switch may :be of the homing variety. 1 7

When the two record scheme (0.) or the double roove scheme ((1) herein disclosed is used, the filter 60 may be replaced by an amplifier for the operating frequency, although some filter is desirable to prevent stray frequencies from operating the control device.' 1 I .Noattem-pt has been made to describe in detail the construction and operation of the phonoraph 18. the amplifier SL-filter 53 or, in .fact,

The herein described method makes .self-in-p structionin dancing very easy. The separate or combined music and control records may be prepared ,by competent musicians and choreographers, and then used by any one who, by merely following the signals, can acquire the desired :dance step-s. Obviously, no teacher is required, as the records may also contain any verbal instructions necessary.

This method is applicable to coin-controlled phonographs new in common use; in restaurants and bars. Such phonographs may be equipped with the-commutator device of Figure 9,-or the record control devicein Figure 10, and the signals arranged over the dance fioor as shown in Figure1'7. Customers upon dropping a coin in the machine will then receive a dancing lesson, no teacher being required Thus the invention broadens the 'useful-ness of such-existing coin controlled devices and makesit possible to greatly enlarge the study of-dancingby the general public using the methods of competent teachers who will prepare the records.

If the apparatus Figure '10 is used with records, as referred to in paragraph (a) .or (b) hereef, in a coineontrolled phonograph having a plurality of records which may be selected by the user, it is apparent that only one dance .(rhumba tango waltz,-etc.) employing the herein described method could be taught because of the necessity or rearranging the signals for each notes the-change-reccrd arm of thephonograph whiehusually moves first vertically to select-one record'frem the stack 'or magazine of records shown at es and then swings horizontally to move. the selected record 65 to the record table 65 of the phonograph which thenrevolvesand the record replayed in the usual manner. Ihere are many re r rec rd e ctor and the instant invention can be applied to any .of them,

asfi'tis cnly necessary to meuntlafiswitch, :generally denoted .by the numeral 66 :so it will be operated -by the record selector mechanism such as arm 62 when any-certain record is selected. This switch controls the signals forming the dance pattern acsompanyingsaid certain record, therefore, when a certain record is selected, the

arately from the music.

9 mechanism also selects the accompanying set of signals for the dance pattern.

For example, record '64 is a rhumba. the selector arm 62 transfers this'record to the table 65 to beplayed, said arm moves vertically on the shaft 61, Figure 13, until it is opposite said record re-posing in the stack 63. Arm' 62 now-revolves on'shaftlfi'l to move the record to table 65. During said last movement thestud 68 on the arm engagesthemember 69 on switch 66 and moves-the latter'from normal open circuit position, as shown 'in-Figu're 12 to closed circuit position, closing contact 69 therein and completing the operating'circuit 10 common to all of the signals of the rhuinba dance pattern. Only one individual signal "circuitis showninFigure 12, as all are the same and these signals are operated as described in connectionwith Figure 10.

The selector arm '62, when restoring record 64 to the stack, that is, when the stud, 68 is moving clockwise in Figure 10,; maypass by switch 66, which the trip-spring I I permits it to 'do, or it may hold contact Gil-closed while the record is playing and open it when restoring the record to the stack 63.

Referring to Figure 13, the upper position 12 of the arm 62 illustrates that arm in position to handle the rhumba record 64, and the dance pattern 13 is controlledftherebyJ At 14 the arm 621111131 1 select a tango record and also select dance pattern 15 complementary thereto. 1 I

From the foregoing'it will be seen that the phonograph if equipped as described, selects not only the record but the dance pattern that goes with it and therefore the dance floor must have as many signals as necessary to make the dance patterns for all of the dances desired. In the case of three different dances this may be a total of l8 signals. as shown in Figure 13.

It will be understood that the phonograph only has switch 66 associated with certain dance record positions in the stack. The phonograph may therefore play other records from the stack without operating the dance signals.

'If it is not desired to make theselection of the dance signals entirely automatic as just described, the switches 66 may be omitted and replaced by manual switches 18, Figure 12, which are operated by the user at the same time as the coin is dropped in the phonograph. Thus the dance pattern can be used or not, as desired.

A coin control 19 may be placed in circuit with the switch 'lfifor each group of signals, or it can be inserted at in wire 10 so that payment for the use of the dance signals can be collectedsep- Whereexisting phonographsare converted as described herein, the projector system of signals as described in connection with Figure '7 is easily installed,.'especially if a, single projector is used for each dance pattern. vWhen this is done for three dances (waltz, tango, rhumba) there would be three projectors, each oneof which would project six separate signals on to the dance floor. Each signal would, of course, be separately controlled as herein described. As such multiple projectors are used in'the theatre and in planetariums, their construction and operation is well understood and any suitable form may be used.

Such projectors are easily hung up and moved about and can readily be installed anywhere.

Once the inventive concept herein disclosed is understood, it is obvious the term record used herein may apply to any kind of lei ord besides When- 10 that for a phonograph -a'pi'ano roll for examplehaving means thereon for operating a dance step ,indicant. Figure 14 shows diagrammatically how control of thesignalsor indicants are operated I by a piano rol1. HereQfiO denotes the usual music roll having the usual perforations 8| for operating any suitable form of piano action. The 6 note perforations82 on the extreme right or 3 perforations onthe extreme left and right (seldom used) are reserved for operating the dance signals, and, as the signal; perforations are cut in proper timed relation .to the music perforations, proper timing is accomplished. The length of perforations 82 will determine the dwell" or length of time each signal is displayed.

Each perforation loperates the usual player piano bellows mechanism; suchas used for operating the piano key action, and this closes contact 84 thereby operating the signal 54 as previously described. Only one signal circuit is shown in Figure 14, as all signal circuits are the same.

- The roll may also have perforations, such as those at 85 to control the dance patternsignals for different dances, .such as waltz, tango,

"'i rhumba, et cetera, so that when a roll is put on the piano, the roll-automatically selects the desired dance pattern the same manner as the mechanism described in connection with Figure13.

Where this method. is in' constant use, a special floor may be, preferable. Figure 15 shows such an arrangement. Here, the numeral 86 denotes a floor of glass or other translucent or trans parent material, below' which the signals. are arranged in various different dance patterns. One

of these signals is'shown' at 8'l 'secur'ed'directly to the underside "of the-fioor'and supported thereby. Or the signals" may be set'under the floor as shown at'S B so asft'dp'ro'je'ct the desired indicant on to the floor at If" desired 88may be a suitable projectorfor theentire dance pattern'as previously mentioned;

The floor 86 can be in sections so it can be raised upwards to gain access to the signals and wiring. Thecontrol mechanism and the musical instrument can be locatedbelow the floor with a loud speaker 52 above the-floor if one is used, thereby shortening thewiring and connections and conserving space. 1 f

A remote control device as in common use for phonographs and player pianos can be conveniently located above the. floor so as to be readily accessible to the users and this may contain any control switches necessary for the signals as'herein described.

The combining of the control means such as the peeps on the, phonograph records, or cutting the controlsl'ots lfiv and 82, Figure 14., on piano rolls in time with the music present no difficulty. J

The music is recorded in the usual manner and the choreographer inserts at the proper time by any suitable'means, thenecessary peeps to affect control of the'signals. These peeps may consist'where the-dance pattern has 6.steps-- of six differentqfrequencies jabove audibility, which are useddas per paragraph (a) or (b) hereof and which willnotinterfere with the re- J produced mu c. i lihese fpeeps? are of the proper (1) Furnish the student all necessary music;

(2) Furnish complete instructions; (3) Operate the, signals to indicate the steps to be taken and the position of. the feet at veach'step.

By the use of this apparatus the dance student, in effect, has an expert teacher present, and lessons can be repeated until learned.

Figure 16 is adiagram of a dance floor illustrating all the steps 'taken'by a dancer in circling the floor where the dance pattern is repeated five times. I r

The dance pattern is that of a simple foxtrot basic step-one (slow) step forward, two (quick) steps to sidefrom Rr-sta'rt to R3 and from L-start to L|,'Ll to L4. The same step forward and back is commonly termed the Box.

The 6 foot signals in each dance pattern are enclosed in thedotted' lines 90,91, 92', 93 and 94 and are the same in each position.

The numerals shown within the said dotted lines and in the outline (or adjacent the outline) of the signals indicate progressively the foot positions from the start position around the floor and back to start.

Referring to Figure 17, the left foot, on the first beat of the note connected therewith bya vertical line, moves to position I and is held the second beat (indicated by the circle signal 2 in pattern 90, Figure 16). Right foot moveson the third beat of the note to position 3. Left foot moves to signal 4 on the fourth beat, and so on throughout the entire series of steps.

The method of. scoring the dance steps into the music will nowbe readily understood. The choreographer being equipped with means for producing six different peeps forthe steps and rest, are operated in time: with the music. For example, whenmaking the dance pattern 9| peep I would be operated to display signal 5 with the foot beat and the note indicated at 95. At the second beat the peep for the hold signal 5 would be operated and this signal displayed to warn the dancer to hold this right foot position 5 for the second beat of note 95 which is the interval between steps 5 and 8. The peep. for step 7 would be operated to display step 7 on the third beat of note 95. Step 8 would be operated on the fourth beat of note 95. With quarter notes, the feet are moved on the beat with each note, for example, signal 9 with note 96. Hold signal 19 with note 91, signal II with note 98 and signal I? with note 99, thus completing the dance pattern 9|.

If a mechanical switching arrangement is used, as shown in Figure 9, then the contact members 4| are arranged to display the dance signals in proper timed relation to the music and the dwell or duration of each display is regulated by the shape of the individual members 41.

By "dwell or duration is meant any pause or hesitation'step, the signals in circles designating such steps and the dotted lines, Figure 17, denoting the foot movements from signal to signal. The advantage of designating the hesitation steps by separate signals such. as the circle signal 2, pattern 90, Figure 16, is that the dancers foot at Ll in this figure does not cover the hold or hesitation signal, but remains at Ll for two beats on the note 100 (Figure 17) and therefore does not move to L4 on the fourth beat of note I00 until .after the right foot has moved to R3 on the third beat.

What is claimed is:

1. In combination, a floor, a projector mounted above said floor, means in said projector for projecting indicants for dancing on said floor, and means for operating said projector to cause said indicants to progressively indicate dance steps.

2. The combination as claimed in claim 1 wherein the indicants are displayed in timed relation to music produced by means operated in synchronism with the projector. v

3. In combination with a dance floor, means for producing a plurality of signals thereon forming a dance pattern comprising electric light projectors located above said floor and adapted to direct beams of light to said floor to produce said signals thereon, upon which the feet of a dancer can be placed, circuits connecting said projectors with a source of current, and switches in said circuits for selectively operating said projectors to produce said signals. a

'4. The method of teaching dancing comprising projecting visual indicants, in a dance patterninsuccessive steps progressively onto a floor from a source spaced above the surface of the floor, causing a student to follow the progressively projected indicants and controlling the projection to allow the indicants to intermittently and temporarily remain stationary in their respective positions so thatthe student may place his feet upon the indicants to learn the successive steps of the dance pattern.

5. The method as recited in claim 4 wherein the controlling of the projection is in accordance with thetimed relation to the music for the particular dance pattern.

HARRY R. VAN DEVEN ILR.

REFERENCES orrnn UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 897,280 Forsyth et al Sept. 1, 1908 1,277,645 Rothkugel Sept. 3, 1918 1,342,860 Mortimer et al June 8, 1920 1,602,499 Meinecke Oct. 12, 1926 1,607,226 Wood Nov. 16, 1926 1,642,310 Grimaldi Sept. 20, 1927 1,688,450 Corbett Oct. 23, 1928 1,690,279 Craft Nov. 6, 1928 1,696,901 Bostelman, Jr Jan. 1, 1929 1,704,104 Ruddick Mar. 5, 1929 1,723,060 Neill Aug. 6, 1929 1,743,965 Garrett a Jan. 14, 1930 1,815,443 Mitchell July 21, 1931 1,916,567 Grant July 4, 1933 1,931,287 Fisher Oct. 17, 1933 1,953,299 Grant Apr. 3, 1934 1,985,253 Hopkins Dec. 25, 19 4 2,023,573 Bury Dec. 10, 1935 2,158,475 Montine May 16, 1939 2,221,312 Jenkins Nov. 12, 1940 2,298,988 Todd Oct. 13, 1942 2,402,109 Williams June 11, 1946 OTHER REFERENCES ,Bleak House by Charles Dickens, chapter XIV; pp. 96 and 97 of an undated copy. 

